PICO is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question:

P = Population/Patient/Problem – How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine?

I = Intervention – What main intervention, prognostic factor or exposure am I considering?

C = Comparison – Is there an alternative to compare with the intervention?

O = Outcome – What do I hope to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?

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